Moji Motions

Innovation policies are government measures designed to encourage new ideas, technologies, and business models, including but not limited to funding for research, grants, regulation changes, public procurement, tax breaks, and support for startups or universities. Large-scale public research programs are big and long-term projects funded and often coordinated by the state, universities, or public agencies. They usually focus on mission-driven goals like clean energy, vaccines, space, infrastructure, or AI safety. Tax incentives are tax reductions or exemptions meant to encourage investment in new businesses. Venture capital (VC) is money invested in early-stage companies that are high-risk but may grow very quickly, VC firms usually provide funding in exchange for equity, meaning they own part of the company.

Degrowth involves a planned decrease in the size of economic production and consumption occurring within a given economy (often measured via GDP). It could involve prioritizing less emissions-intensive industries, imposing heavy taxes or limits on emissions, implementing shorter workweeks, and encouraging voluntary reductions in consumer spending.

Currently, employers are allowed to access the criminal record of job applicants. This gives them access to knowledge of if an applicant has ever been convicted of a crime or imprisoned.

A pawnshop (tiệm cầm đồ in Vietnamese) is a business where individuals can obtain loans by leaving valuable items as collateral (valuable property owned by someone who wants to borrow money) If the borrower repays the loan and the associated interest, they can retrieve their valuable item. However, if the borrower fails to repay within the agreed-upon time, the pawnbroker may sell the item to recover the loan amount.

The "Bun Cha Voting Model" refers to a system of vote allocation where more votes are allocated to the poor. The allocation is also progressive, meaning the poorer the citizen is, the more votes they have.

A sin tax, also known as a sumptuary tax or vice tax, is an excise tax applied in some countries to certain goods considered potentially harmful, such as alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks, fast food, and gambling.

Cosmopolitanism is the idea that all human beings are members of a single community. Its adherents are known as cosmopolitans or cosmopolites. Cosmopolitanism is both prescriptive and aspirational, believing humans can and should be "world citizens" in a "universal community".The idea encompasses different dimensions and avenues of community, such as promoting universal moral standards, establishing global political structures, or developing a platform for mutual cultural expression and tolerance.

"(1) Financial Independence, Retire Early (FIRE) is a movement of people devoted to a program of extreme savings (usually 50-70% annual income) and investment (on average 10% annually minimum) that aims to allow them to retire far earlier than traditional budgets and retirement plans would permit. [Mathematical background] FIRE followers comply with the 4% rule, and this simple formula for calculating your FIRE number: Annual Expenses x 25 = FIRE number. It means when you reach the FIRE number, you no longer need to worry about working, because you just need to withdraw 4% from your portfolio annually to cover your expenses. (2) Voluntary social insurance in Vietnam is defined as a form of social insurance organized by the State in which a participant may select a premium rate and a method of premium payment suitable to his/her income and the State supports his/her payment of social insurance premiums for him/her to enjoy retirement and survivor allowance regimes. [Mathematical background] (+) The monthly payment is equal to 22% of the monthly income chosen by the participants of voluntary social insurance. (+) The minimum monthly income selected by participants of voluntary social insurance is equal to the poverty line of rural areas as prescribed by the Prime Minister and the highest is 20 times the base salary at the time of payment. (+) Monthly voluntary social insurance payment = 22% x monthly income chosen by the participants of voluntary social insurance."

Political correctness: attempts that are intended to avoid offense or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society.