Moji Motions

Labour standards typically cover minimum wage and timely pay, limits on working hours, and occupational safety and health. Environmental standards include environmental impact assessments and public consultation, hazardous waste handling and disposal, water-use permits, and biodiversity and land-use protections.

Examples of illiberal policies include but are not limited to: no-LGBT zones, preventing refugees from crossing your borders, and limiting the free speech of political oppositions.

The Korean Pop industry model (K-Pop) includes but is not limited to: trainees being recruited through competitive auditions and formed into boys/girls groups after strict and tedious training processes; a heavy emphasis on visual and appearance; an extensive market of goods; extensive fan service events and an emphasis on the idol(s) winning weekend music shows or weekly chart countdowns like Inkigayo and M Countdown. The Western Pop industry model shares certain similarities with K-pop such as a mix of different genres, a mix of groups/bands and independent artists, the competitive race in physical albums sales and digital streaming, etc., However, it has a lower Barrier of Entry to new artists, more focus on big awards like Grammy instead of various small music shows and less dependence on fan service events.

A pawnshop (tiệm cầm đồ in Vietnamese) is a business where individuals can obtain loans by leaving valuable items as collateral (valuable property owned by someone who wants to borrow money) If the borrower repays the loan and the associated interest, they can retrieve their valuable item. However, if the borrower fails to repay within the agreed-upon time, the pawnbroker may sell the item to recover the loan amount.

Greenwashing is a form of advertising or marketing strategy where tactics are deceptively used to persuade the public that an organisation/company's products, aims, and policies are environmentally friendly. (For example: Volkswagen cheating the pollution emissions tests on its vehicles and advertising its environmentally friendly cars, Coca-Cola portraying itself as sustainable but is the biggest polluter of plastic in the world, and H&M’s false advertising of using "sustainable" materials in their clothing.)

Urban-to-rural migration is the process of moving out of a big city to a less developed or modernized region in the country.

A "diaspora" refers to individuals of one particular ethnic group who have migrated out of their homeland (for example, Vietnamese people in Singapore, Australia, etc. are referred to as the "Vietnamese diaspora").

A sin tax, also known as a sumptuary tax or vice tax, is an excise tax applied in some countries to certain goods considered potentially harmful, such as alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks, fast food, and gambling.

Hanoi plans to ban motorbikes in core districts after 2025, five years earlier than an earlier plan, in order to reduce traffic congestion and emissions. The capital has around 5.6 million motorbikes and 600,000 automobiles. Currently, in Hanoi, the public bus system plies 140 routes, meeting an estimated 31 percent of total demand. The recently opened Cat Linh-Ha Dong metro service, along with the proposed Nhon-Hanoi Railway Station route, would each be able to meet 5-7 percent of travel demand in the city, according to an expert.

(1) Phan Thanh Giản was one of the foremost mandarins of the Nguyễn court. He played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Saigon with the French in 1862. The treaty had 12 clauses, the most important being : Art. 2- Đại Nam (the country’s name then) allows French and Spanish missionaries to preach and the Vietnamese to practice the Christian faith freely. Art. 3- Đại Nam cedes to France the three eastern provinces of Biên Hòa, Gia Định and Định Tường and the island of Poulo Condor (Côn Đảo). Art. 8- Đại Nam agrees to pay France 4 million dollars worth of silver over 10 years as war reparation. Art. 11- France will return Vĩnh Long Province to Đại Nam once the three eastern provinces have been pacified. (2) Phan Thanh Giản was later recalled to Huế to get instructions to conduct an extraordinary embassy to Paris and negotiate the return of the eastern provinces. In Paris, after intense discussions, French Minister of the Navy and the Colonies Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat opposed the return of Cochinchina to Vietnam, and with the threat of resignation of the whole cabinet, forced Napoleon III to order the cancellation of the proposed agreement in June 1864. Thus the Saigon Treaty of 1862 remained in full effect. Because of his main role in the negotiations, Phan Thanh Giản was blamed by the Vietnamese people and the Huế Court.

New, inexperienced investors joining the stock market are often called "F0 investors". In 2020-21, Vietnam has a record-high number of new investors joining the stock market.

The landlocked and mountainous Laos aims to become the "Battery of Southeast Asia" to boost its economy and escape its prolonged poverty by exporting hydropower electricity harnessed through its dams on the Mekong River system to its richer neighbours. The development plan was financed through loan grants from China and currently has 16 hydropower stations, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam, as downstream (Lower Mekong) countries, are protesting against dams built in China and Laos (Upper Mekong) for contributing to the prolonged drought conditions in the entire Indochina region.