In the future, a technology can assess, with 100% accuracy, whether an individual will commit a crime within 10 years. This assessment updates universally at the beginning of each decade, and includes the future charge but no specific details.
An ex-convict is an individual who has been deemed guilty of a crime, punished and has fully served their punishment. For example, someone that has finished the entitety of their prison sentence and is now allowed to go back into society is an ex-convict. Currently, ex-convicts are barred from joining police force.
You are a Grade 9 student who has just finished the school year. One day, a fairy appears in front of you and offers to make you successful in one area: Academics (e.g. winning a gold medal in the Math Olympiad, becoming a champion in a robotics competition), or Athletics (e.g. playing for the U16 national football team, winning a gold medal at the Olympics).
Currently, employers are allowed to access the criminal record of job applicants. This gives them access to knowledge of if an applicant has ever been convicted of a crime or imprisoned.
Good Samaritan laws are laws that legally require bystanders to assist those in danger, unless doing so would place them at serious risk. Examples of these include giving first aid assistance to a person who is dying, alerting the authorities if you witness a crime etc.
An out-of-court settlement is when an arrangement is made formally between all parties involved in a lawsuit to resolve the dispute without the court's involvement - usually through financial compensation or mediation.
Effective altruism is a philosophy and social movement that advocates using evidence and reasoning to determine the most effective ways to benefit others.