Moji Motions

A ‘pull back’ approach refers to states taking measures to prevent migrants from leaving their country of origin e.g., aiding developmental projects, increasing border security at the country of origin, information campaigns about migration risks/consequences, etc. A 'push back' approach refers to states taking measures to increase immigration control near or at their own borders e.g., strict border control/surveillance, tackling human trafficking/smuggling gangs, returning migrants, signing deals with third party countries, limiting access to state resources, etc. An undocumented migrant does NOT include those who are under review in the asylum seeker process.

George Soros is a Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist. He is known for his ruthless investing schemes and is acknowledged to have sparked the 1997 Asian financial crisis and destabilized the UK pound in 1992. George Soros is a strong proponent of various Hungarian rights organizations that advocate for causes such as refugee housing and is funding the Central European University in Hungary.

A sovereign wealth fund (SWF), or sovereign investment fund, is a state-owned investment fund that invests in real and financial assets. Examples include: Norway Government Pension Fund Global, China Investment Corp., and Kuwait Investment Authority, among many others. National development is a comprehensive, continuous process aimed at improving the overall well-being of a nation's people.

The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the P5) are the five sovereign states to whom the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States. All have the power of veto, which enables any one of them to block any non-"procedural" Council decision, regardless of its level of international support.

During Rodrigo Duterte’s presidency (2016–2022), the Philippine government launched a nationwide anti-drug campaign known as the “War on Drugs. Official police operations resulted in thousands of deaths to "clean up the streets. Support has been mixed. On 11 March 2025, former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte was arrested pursuant to a warrant issued by the International Criminal Court for alleged crimes against humanity linked to killings during the Philippine “War on Drugs". He was subsequently transferred to The Hague to face ICC proceedings as opposed to trying him in local Philippine courts. The ICC alleges that Duterte bears responsibility for murders committed between 2011 and 2019, covering both his time as Mayor of Davao City and as President.

A migrant is any person who moves away from their usual place of residence, either across an international border or within a country, temporarily or permanently, and for various reasons

"Lethal autonomous weapons (LAWs) are a type of autonomous military system that can independently search for and attack targets without direct human intervention based on programmed constraints and descriptions."

Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement is a nonviolent Palestinian-led initiative that began nearly two decades ago. Its goal is to call for a boycott of Israeli and international companies that it believes are complicit in violating Palestinian rights

Examples of illiberal policies include but are not limited to: no-LGBT zones, preventing refugees from crossing your borders, and limiting the free speech of political oppositions.

The letters of last resort contain orders on what action to take if an enemy nuclear strike has both destroyed the government and has also killed or otherwise incapacitated both the prime minister and their designated "second person" of responsibility, typically a high-ranking member of the cabinet such as the deputy prime minister or the first secretary of state. If the orders are carried out, the action taken could be the last official act of the government. For the sake of this debate, we shall assume that the two options are to retaliate with nuclear weapons, or to not retaliate. We are explicitly not considering options that foist off decision-making to another actor (like the submarine commander, or another nation).