A university council is a governing body of a University. Often times, the council is responsible for all financial matters, major contracts and personnel.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the treaty, adopted in 1992, under which nearly all states negotiate global climate policy. Its members meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP), and decisions are taken by consensus; meaning any single state can block an outcome. The UNFCCC process produced the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, under which each country sets its own emissions target rather than having one imposed on it. It is also the forum through which climate finance for developing countries is pledged and allocated. Separately, states have begun pursuing climate obligations through courts. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea issued an advisory opinion on state climate obligations in 2024, and the International Court of Justice issued one in July 2025, following a campaign led by Vanuatu and other Pacific states.
A sovereign wealth fund (SWF), or sovereign investment fund, is a state-owned investment fund that invests in real and financial assets. Examples include: Norway Government Pension Fund Global, China Investment Corp., and Kuwait Investment Authority, among many others. National development is a comprehensive, continuous process aimed at improving the overall well-being of a nation's people.
Bosozuku are Japanese biker gangs known for rebelling against strict Japanese societal norms through provocative style, illegal bike modifications, traffic violations like speeding and running red lights, and are occasionally linked to gang violence.
George Soros is a Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist. He is known for his ruthless investing schemes and is acknowledged to have sparked the 1997 Asian financial crisis and destabilized the UK pound in 1992. George Soros is a strong proponent of various Hungarian rights organizations that advocate for causes such as refugee housing and is funding the Central European University in Hungary.
As of the past decade, the Mekong Subregion has seen Superpower Nations heavily invest in the region. These initiatives have focused on growing the region's transport corridors between markets through China's Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC) in 2016 and clean energy grid development through Japan-US Mekong Power Partnership (JUMPP) in 2020.
A Cordon Sanitaire policy is an informal commitment to exclude extremist political parties from forming coalitions. Examples include the exclusion of the Front National in France, True Finns (The Finnish Far Right) from Finland.
Astral projection allows a person’s consciousness to leave their body and move freely through the world, unbound by physical distance. In this state you retain your memories, personality and full awareness. You can observe anything and anyone, travel anywhere instantly, and cannot be harmed. You cannot be seen or heard by others, cannot touch or move anything, and cannot be perceived by other projectors. The body you leave behind remains alive and cared for, breathing but unresponsive, for the rest of its natural life. Once the body's natural life expires, so does your existence.
A ‘pull back’ approach refers to states taking measures to prevent migrants from leaving their country of origin e.g., aiding developmental projects, increasing border security at the country of origin, information campaigns about migration risks/consequences, etc. A 'push back' approach refers to states taking measures to increase immigration control near or at their own borders e.g., strict border control/surveillance, tackling human trafficking/smuggling gangs, returning migrants, signing deals with third party countries, limiting access to state resources, etc. An undocumented migrant does NOT include those who are under review in the asylum seeker process.