Moji Motions

Bosozuku are Japanese biker gangs known for rebelling against strict Japanese societal norms through provocative style, illegal bike modifications, traffic violations like speeding and running red lights, and are occasionally linked to gang violence.

During Rodrigo Duterte’s presidency (2016–2022), the Philippine government launched a nationwide anti-drug campaign known as the “War on Drugs. Official police operations resulted in thousands of deaths to "clean up the streets. Support has been mixed. On 11 March 2025, former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte was arrested pursuant to a warrant issued by the International Criminal Court for alleged crimes against humanity linked to killings during the Philippine “War on Drugs". He was subsequently transferred to The Hague to face ICC proceedings as opposed to trying him in local Philippine courts. The ICC alleges that Duterte bears responsibility for murders committed between 2011 and 2019, covering both his time as Mayor of Davao City and as President.

Innovation policies are government measures designed to encourage new ideas, technologies, and business models, including but not limited to funding for research, grants, regulation changes, public procurement, tax breaks, and support for startups or universities. Large-scale public research programs are big and long-term projects funded and often coordinated by the state, universities, or public agencies. They usually focus on mission-driven goals like clean energy, vaccines, space, infrastructure, or AI safety. Tax incentives are tax reductions or exemptions meant to encourage investment in new businesses. Venture capital (VC) is money invested in early-stage companies that are high-risk but may grow very quickly, VC firms usually provide funding in exchange for equity, meaning they own part of the company.

“Divine femininity” is the idea that women should embrace a softer, more traditionally feminine way of living. It encourages women to be gentle, intuitive, emotional, and “authentic,” while avoiding behaviours seen as “masculine,” such as being highly ambitious, strong, assertive, emotionally restrained, or overly focused on work.

Microcredit is the extension of very small loans to impoverished borrowers who typically lack collateral, steady employment, and verifiable credit history. For example, Grameen Bank operating in impoverished areas of Bangladesh provides such microcredits. These banks can implement high or low-interest rates without the intervention of the government.

Degrowth involves a planned decrease in the size of economic production and consumption occurring within a given economy (often measured via GDP). It could involve prioritizing less emissions-intensive industries, imposing heavy taxes or limits on emissions, implementing shorter workweeks, and encouraging voluntary reductions in consumer spending.

Adaptive preferences are preferences formed in the unconscious response to oppression. They are formed when oppressed groups 'bend aspiration towards expectation' in light of their experiences of oppression. In the context of the women's liberation movement, examples of adaptive preferences occur on a spectrum ranging from choosing to pursue conventionally feminine careers to wearing the hijab to engaging in sex work. The degree to which choices are the result of adaptive preferences varies from context to context.