Moji Motions

"""Global South"" is a broad term that generally refers to countries that are located in the southern hemisphere. Often the nations can be less developed than the countries in the northern hemisphere. The term is often used to refer to countries in Africa, Latin America, and Asia, but it can also include other regions such as the Pacific Islands and the Caribbean. The examples of economic development projects at the expense of natural reserves in the global south are but not limited to the deforestation in the Amazon rainforest and the Son Doong cave in Vietnam that has attracted thousands of tourists."

(1) Phan Thanh Giản was one of the foremost mandarins of the Nguyễn court. He played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Saigon with the French in 1862. The treaty had 12 clauses, the most important being : Art. 2- Đại Nam (the country’s name then) allows French and Spanish missionaries to preach and the Vietnamese to practice the Christian faith freely. Art. 3- Đại Nam cedes to France the three eastern provinces of Biên Hòa, Gia Định and Định Tường and the island of Poulo Condor (Côn Đảo). Art. 8- Đại Nam agrees to pay France 4 million dollars worth of silver over 10 years as war reparation. Art. 11- France will return Vĩnh Long Province to Đại Nam once the three eastern provinces have been pacified. (2) Phan Thanh Giản was later recalled to Huế to get instructions to conduct an extraordinary embassy to Paris and negotiate the return of the eastern provinces. In Paris, after intense discussions, French Minister of the Navy and the Colonies Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat opposed the return of Cochinchina to Vietnam, and with the threat of resignation of the whole cabinet, forced Napoleon III to order the cancellation of the proposed agreement in June 1864. Thus the Saigon Treaty of 1862 remained in full effect. Because of his main role in the negotiations, Phan Thanh Giản was blamed by the Vietnamese people and the Huế Court.

"The African Union (AU) is a continental body consisting of the 55 member states that make up the countries of the African Continent. It was established to promote the unity and solidarity of African countries, defend state sovereignty, eradicate colonialism, promote international cooperation, and coordinate and harmonize Member States’ policies. The AU supports political and economic integration among its 54 member nations. It aims to boost development, eradicate poverty and bring Africa into the global economy. In September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Building on the principle of “leaving no one behind”, the new Agenda emphasizes a holistic approach to achieving sustainable development for all. These goals include: No poverty, Zero hunger, Gender equality, and Reduced inequality. Despite the wide-ranging goals, anti-racism or anti-Blackness is not one such objective. There is also no mention of the effects of colonisation on the development of countries that were formerly colonised. "