Moji Motions

George Soros is a Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist. He is known for his ruthless investing schemes and is acknowledged to have sparked the 1997 Asian financial crisis and destabilized the UK pound in 1992. George Soros is a strong proponent of various Hungarian rights organizations that advocate for causes such as refugee housing and is funding the Central European University in Hungary.

The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the P5) are the five sovereign states to whom the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States. All have the power of veto, which enables any one of them to block any non-"procedural" Council decision, regardless of its level of international support.

Currently, professional tennis governance is fragmented among multiple bodies, including the ATP, WTA, ITF, and the four Grand Slam tournaments managed by four different countries. These organizations separately manage rankings, scheduling, rules, revenue distribution, and disciplinary matters. Under this motion, a “central organizing body” refers to a single institution with overarching authority over the professional tennis calendar, rankings, commercial rights, regulations, and dispute resolution across the sport.

On July 28th, FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) unveiled plans to raise $4.2bn by selling stakes in the running of future tournaments to private investors. UEFA (Union of European Football Associations), which oversees European football, protested that the game “is not FIFA’s to sell”. A source close to UEFA says that if the plan goes ahead, it may boycott future World Cups.

The North American model develops young athletes primarily through school and university sports programs. Athletes compete in interscholastic leagues and, at the tertiary level, through the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association), which offers athletic scholarships. Young athletes are typically drafted after graduation and sign professional contracts with teams. The European model develops athletes primarily through sports clubs where players are recruited young, trained by professional volunteers, and may be promoted based on sporting merit, which may result in signing professional contracts in their teens. Young players are typically amateurs and from the grassroots, and training is largely separate from formal education.

A Cordon Sanitaire policy is an informal commitment to exclude extremist political parties from forming coalitions. Examples include the exclusion of the Front National in France, True Finns (The Finnish Far Right) from Finland, or the call to ban far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD).

You are a Grade 9 student who has just finished the school year. One day, a fairy appears in front of you and offers to make you successful in one area: Academics (e.g. winning a gold medal in the Math Olympiad, becoming a champion in a robotics competition), or Athletics (e.g. playing for the U16 national football team, winning a gold medal at the Olympics).

"Lethal autonomous weapons (LAWs) are a type of autonomous military system that can independently search for and attack targets without direct human intervention based on programmed constraints and descriptions."

Examples of illiberal policies include but are not limited to: no-LGBT zones, preventing refugees from crossing your borders, and limiting the free speech of political oppositions.

The letters of last resort contain orders on what action to take if an enemy nuclear strike has both destroyed the government and has also killed or otherwise incapacitated both the prime minister and their designated "second person" of responsibility, typically a high-ranking member of the cabinet such as the deputy prime minister or the first secretary of state. If the orders are carried out, the action taken could be the last official act of the government. For the sake of this debate, we shall assume that the two options are to retaliate with nuclear weapons, or to not retaliate. We are explicitly not considering options that foist off decision-making to another actor (like the submarine commander, or another nation).

Academic standards generally refers to scholastic performance (e.g., exam results, coursework grades), whereas non-academic standards refers to achievements beyond the scope of scholastic performance (e.g., clubs and societies, participation in sports, involvement in volunteering).

The host of the Olympics is elected by the members of the International Olympic Commission (IOC) through a secret ballot from the countries that submit their bids. Different countries bid for different Olympics. For example, Paris was elected as the host city for the 2024 Summer Olympics last 2017 while Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy was selected to host the 2026 Winter Olympics last 2019.