Moji Motions

The North American model develops young athletes primarily through school and university sports programs. Athletes compete in interscholastic leagues and, at the tertiary level, through the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association), which offers athletic scholarships. Young athletes are typically drafted after graduation and sign professional contracts with teams. The European model develops athletes primarily through sports clubs where players are recruited young, trained by professional volunteers, and may be promoted based on sporting merit, which may result in signing professional contracts in their teens. Young players are typically amateurs and from the grassroots, and training is largely separate from formal education.

Currently, students attending public schools in Vietnam receive an average of 75 vacation days per school year. In comparison, Chinese students receive around 90 days, while French students enjoy approximately 120 vacation days annually.

A jury is a group of citizens selected to listen to the evidence in a trial and deliver a verdict of guilty or not guilty. Defendant is a person who is being accused of a crime in a court of law.

A pawnshop (tiệm cầm đồ in Vietnamese) is a business where individuals can obtain loans by leaving valuable items as collateral (valuable property owned by someone who wants to borrow money) If the borrower repays the loan and the associated interest, they can retrieve their valuable item. However, if the borrower fails to repay within the agreed-upon time, the pawnbroker may sell the item to recover the loan amount.

A "diaspora" refers to individuals of one particular ethnic group who have migrated out of their homeland (for example, Vietnamese people in Singapore, Australia, etc. are referred to as the "Vietnamese diaspora").

The International Criminal Court's jurisdiction is to prosecute individuals guilty of crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and crimes of aggression. "Complementarity" is a principle which represents the idea that states, rather than the International Criminal Court (ICC), will have priority in proceeding with cases within their jurisdiction. This principle means that the International Criminal Court will complement, but not supersede, national jurisdiction.

Hanoi plans to ban motorbikes in core districts after 2025, five years earlier than an earlier plan, in order to reduce traffic congestion and emissions. The capital has around 5.6 million motorbikes and 600,000 automobiles. Currently, in Hanoi, the public bus system plies 140 routes, meeting an estimated 31 percent of total demand. The recently opened Cat Linh-Ha Dong metro service, along with the proposed Nhon-Hanoi Railway Station route, would each be able to meet 5-7 percent of travel demand in the city, according to an expert.

(1) Phan Thanh Giản was one of the foremost mandarins of the Nguyễn court. He played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Saigon with the French in 1862. The treaty had 12 clauses, the most important being : Art. 2- Đại Nam (the country’s name then) allows French and Spanish missionaries to preach and the Vietnamese to practice the Christian faith freely. Art. 3- Đại Nam cedes to France the three eastern provinces of Biên Hòa, Gia Định and Định Tường and the island of Poulo Condor (Côn Đảo). Art. 8- Đại Nam agrees to pay France 4 million dollars worth of silver over 10 years as war reparation. Art. 11- France will return Vĩnh Long Province to Đại Nam once the three eastern provinces have been pacified. (2) Phan Thanh Giản was later recalled to Huế to get instructions to conduct an extraordinary embassy to Paris and negotiate the return of the eastern provinces. In Paris, after intense discussions, French Minister of the Navy and the Colonies Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat opposed the return of Cochinchina to Vietnam, and with the threat of resignation of the whole cabinet, forced Napoleon III to order the cancellation of the proposed agreement in June 1864. Thus the Saigon Treaty of 1862 remained in full effect. Because of his main role in the negotiations, Phan Thanh Giản was blamed by the Vietnamese people and the Huế Court.

In recent times, some social justice advocates have noted that discussions of social justice issues, even in non-western countries, have become increasingly 'Americanized'. Examples of these include, but are not limited to: focusing on police brutality as examples of racism as a result of the Black Lives Matter movement, using English terms rather than words in local and Indigenous languages, focusing on Abortion activism in light of the challenges to Roe v. Wade, and the focus on American icons such as Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg.