Moji Motions

As of the past decade, the Mekong Subregion has seen Superpower Nations heavily invest in the region. These initiatives have focused on growing the region's transport corridors between markets through China's Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC) in 2016 and clean energy grid development through Japan-US Mekong Power Partnership (JUMPP) in 2020.

George Soros is a Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist. He is known for his ruthless investing schemes and is acknowledged to have sparked the 1997 Asian financial crisis and destabilized the UK pound in 1992. George Soros is a strong proponent of various Hungarian rights organizations that advocate for causes such as refugee housing and is funding the Central European University in Hungary.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the treaty, adopted in 1992, under which nearly all states negotiate global climate policy. Its members meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP), and decisions are taken by consensus; meaning any single state can block an outcome. The UNFCCC process produced the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, under which each country sets its own emissions target rather than having one imposed on it. It is also the forum through which climate finance for developing countries is pledged and allocated. Separately, states have begun pursuing climate obligations through courts. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea issued an advisory opinion on state climate obligations in 2024, and the International Court of Justice issued one in July 2025, following a campaign led by Vanuatu and other Pacific states.

The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the P5) are the five sovereign states to whom the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States. All have the power of veto, which enables any one of them to block any non-"procedural" Council decision, regardless of its level of international support.

In recent years, the floods in canal cities have become more frequent and severe because of sea-level rise, sinking ground, saltwater intrusion, and strong tides from the sea. The floods usually last only a short time (2-4 hours), but they can still damage buildings, disrupt daily life, and make it harder for people and tourists to move around the city. Climate adaptation means policies or physical changes designed to allow people and cities to "live with floods" rather than trying to prevent seawater intrusion at all costs. Methods include, but are not limited to, raising the ground level of public squares, waterproofing and elevating architectural structures, replanning urban spaces, and even establishing localized, decentralized drainage systems. Traditional flood defences are hard-engineering measures that try to keep water out, such as barriers, gates, dikes, and seawalls. The best-known example, in Venice, is the MOSE (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico) system, a mobile barrier at the lagoon inlets, which has quickly protected the city in several high-tide events but is also criticized for cost, maintenance, and ecological impacts

Solution journalism is an approach that focuses on identifying and proposing responses to complex social problems. Instead of merely highlighting problems, it seeks out constructive stories about solutions that have been successfully implemented, with the aim of inspiring action and encouraging positive social change. The goal of solution journalism is to promote improvement and progress in society. Traditional watchdog journalism is aimed at monitoring and checking power. It focuses on scrutinising the actions of governments, organisations, and powerful individuals in order to ensure transparency, honesty, and accountability in how they govern and operate. Traditional watchdog journalism reports on wrongdoing, corruption, abuses of power, and other unlawful or unethical activities.

The North American model develops young athletes primarily through school and university sports programs. Athletes compete in interscholastic leagues and, at the tertiary level, through the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association), which offers athletic scholarships. Young athletes are typically drafted after graduation and sign professional contracts with teams. The European model develops athletes primarily through sports clubs where players are recruited young, trained by professional volunteers, and may be promoted based on sporting merit, which may result in signing professional contracts in their teens. Young players are typically amateurs and from the grassroots, and training is largely separate from formal education.

In recent years, teenagers and young people have become prominent figures in the climate movement. Greta Thunberg initiated Fridays for Future, inspiring global school strikes to demand stronger climate policies. Vanessa Nakate advocates for climate justice in Africa, highlighting the impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities. Other youth activists organize protests, social media campaigns, and directly engage with policymakers to push for urgent climate action.

STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. It refers to subjects that focus on scientific inquiry, problem-solving, and technical skills, often prioritized in schools for their perceived importance in innovation and careers.

A Cordon Sanitaire policy is an informal commitment to exclude extremist political parties from forming coalitions. Examples include the exclusion of the Front National in France, True Finns (The Finnish Far Right) from Finland, or the call to ban far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD).