Moji Motions

George Soros is a Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist. He is known for his ruthless investing schemes and is acknowledged to have sparked the 1997 Asian financial crisis and destabilized the UK pound in 1992. George Soros is a strong proponent of various Hungarian rights organizations that advocate for causes such as refugee housing and is funding the Central European University in Hungary.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the treaty, adopted in 1992, under which nearly all states negotiate global climate policy. Its members meet annually at the Conference of the Parties (COP), and decisions are taken by consensus; meaning any single state can block an outcome. The UNFCCC process produced the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, under which each country sets its own emissions target rather than having one imposed on it. It is also the forum through which climate finance for developing countries is pledged and allocated. Separately, states have begun pursuing climate obligations through courts. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea issued an advisory opinion on state climate obligations in 2024, and the International Court of Justice issued one in July 2025, following a campaign led by Vanuatu and other Pacific states.

Solution journalism is an approach that focuses on identifying and proposing responses to complex social problems. Instead of merely highlighting problems, it seeks out constructive stories about solutions that have been successfully implemented, with the aim of inspiring action and encouraging positive social change. The goal of solution journalism is to promote improvement and progress in society. Traditional watchdog journalism is aimed at monitoring and checking power. It focuses on scrutinising the actions of governments, organisations, and powerful individuals in order to ensure transparency, honesty, and accountability in how they govern and operate. Traditional watchdog journalism reports on wrongdoing, corruption, abuses of power, and other unlawful or unethical activities.

The North American model develops young athletes primarily through school and university sports programs. Athletes compete in interscholastic leagues and, at the tertiary level, through the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association), which offers athletic scholarships. Young athletes are typically drafted after graduation and sign professional contracts with teams. The European model develops athletes primarily through sports clubs where players are recruited young, trained by professional volunteers, and may be promoted based on sporting merit, which may result in signing professional contracts in their teens. Young players are typically amateurs and from the grassroots, and training is largely separate from formal education.

A Cordon Sanitaire policy is an informal commitment to exclude extremist political parties from forming coalitions. Examples include the exclusion of the Front National in France, True Finns (The Finnish Far Right) from Finland, or the call to ban far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD).

Degrowth involves a planned decrease in the size of economic production and consumption occurring within a given economy (often measured via GDP). It could involve prioritizing less emissions-intensive industries, imposing heavy taxes or limits on emissions, implementing shorter workweeks, and encouraging voluntary reductions in consumer spending.

Greenwashing is a form of advertising or marketing strategy where tactics are deceptively used to persuade the public that an organisation/company's products, aims, and policies are environmentally friendly. (For example: Volkswagen cheating the pollution emissions tests on its vehicles and advertising its environmentally friendly cars, Coca-Cola portraying itself as sustainable but is the biggest polluter of plastic in the world, and H&M’s false advertising of using "sustainable" materials in their clothing.)

(1) Phan Thanh Giản was one of the foremost mandarins of the Nguyễn court. He played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Saigon with the French in 1862. The treaty had 12 clauses, the most important being : Art. 2- Đại Nam (the country’s name then) allows French and Spanish missionaries to preach and the Vietnamese to practice the Christian faith freely. Art. 3- Đại Nam cedes to France the three eastern provinces of Biên Hòa, Gia Định and Định Tường and the island of Poulo Condor (Côn Đảo). Art. 8- Đại Nam agrees to pay France 4 million dollars worth of silver over 10 years as war reparation. Art. 11- France will return Vĩnh Long Province to Đại Nam once the three eastern provinces have been pacified. (2) Phan Thanh Giản was later recalled to Huế to get instructions to conduct an extraordinary embassy to Paris and negotiate the return of the eastern provinces. In Paris, after intense discussions, French Minister of the Navy and the Colonies Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat opposed the return of Cochinchina to Vietnam, and with the threat of resignation of the whole cabinet, forced Napoleon III to order the cancellation of the proposed agreement in June 1864. Thus the Saigon Treaty of 1862 remained in full effect. Because of his main role in the negotiations, Phan Thanh Giản was blamed by the Vietnamese people and the Huế Court.